Which document outlines rights and liberties for U.S. citizens?

The Bill of Rights is the correct answer because it specifically enumerates the rights and liberties afforded to individuals under the U.S. Constitution. Comprising the first ten amendments, it explicitly safeguards fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and the right to bear arms, as well as legal protections like the right to a fair trial. This document was a response to calls for greater guarantees of individual liberties, ensuring that citizens' freedoms would be protected from government infringement.

In contrast, the Declaration of Independence articulates the philosophical foundations of the nation and establishes the principle of individual rights, but it does not serve as a legal document that delineates specific rights. The Articles of Confederation were primarily focused on the structure of government and were later deemed insufficient in governing the nation effectively. The Federalist Papers, while influential in shaping political thought and advocating for the ratification of the Constitution, are essays that discuss the principles behind government design rather than explicitly detailing citizens' rights. Thus, the Bill of Rights stands out as the definitive document outlining the rights and liberties of U.S. citizens.