What process allows immigrants to apply for U.S. citizenship?

The process that allows immigrants to apply for U.S. citizenship is known as naturalization. This legal procedure is specifically designed for individuals who are not U.S. citizens at birth and provides a pathway for them to become citizens after fulfilling certain requirements. These requirements typically include demonstrating continuous residence in the U.S., being able to read, write, and speak English, having knowledge of U.S. history and government, and displaying good moral character.

Naturalization culminates in the taking of an oath of allegiance to the United States, which is a formal commitment to abide by the laws and Constitution of the country. This contrasts with other concepts, such as assimilation and acculturation, which pertain more to the cultural integration of immigrants rather than the formal legal status of citizenship. Patriotism reflects a person's devotion to their country but does not pertain to the process of obtaining citizenship.