What is naturalization?

Naturalization is a legal process that allows foreign-born individuals to become citizens of a country, in this context, particularly referring to the United States. This process typically involves several steps, including applying for citizenship, demonstrating proficiency in the country's language, passing a civics test on the nation's history and government, and taking an oath of allegiance. By fulfilling these requirements, individuals who were not born as citizens can gain the rights and responsibilities that come with citizenship, such as the right to vote, work in certain government positions, and access various services.

The other options describe processes that do not align with the definition of naturalization. For example, banning foreign citizens and revoking citizenship are actions that restrict individual rights and statuses rather than create new citizens. Temporary residency refers to a status that allows individuals to stay in a country for a limited time without granting them full citizenship. In contrast, naturalization leads to permanent citizenship and all the associated rights.